Explanation:

• Hepatitis B infection → Correct because it is the leading global cause.

• Alcohol → Incorrect because it is common in certain regions only.

• Hepatitis C infection → Incorrect because it is less prevalent globally than HBV.

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease → Incorrect because it is increasing but not the most common worldwide.

• Autoimmune hepatitis → Incorrect because it is rare.

Explanation:

• Head injury → Correct because traumatic brain injury frequently requires urgent surgical intervention.

• Brain tumor → Incorrect because most are elective surgeries.

• Spinal deformity → Incorrect because it is usually elective.

• Hydrocephalus → Incorrect because it is urgent but less common than trauma.

• Epilepsy → Incorrect because surgery is planned, not emergency.

Explanation:

• Neuroblastoma → Correct because it is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children.

• Wilms tumor → Incorrect because it is second most common.

• Rhabdomyosarcoma → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Hepatoblastoma → Incorrect because it is rare.

• Osteosarcoma → Incorrect because it occurs in adolescents.

Explanation:

• Infection → Correct because immunosuppression and extensive surgery increase risk.

• Anastomotic leak → Incorrect because it is procedure-specific.

• Bleeding → Incorrect because it is usually controlled intraoperatively.

• Deep vein thrombosis → Incorrect because it is important but less common than infection.

• Organ failure → Incorrect because it is uncommon in routine cases.

Explanation:

• Life-threatening surgical conditions requiring immediate intervention → Correct because delay can result in death or severe morbidity.

• Elective surgical procedures → Incorrect because they are planned.

• Chronic surgical conditions → Incorrect because they are usually managed electively.

• Cosmetic surgical procedures → Incorrect because they are non-urgent.

• Reconstructive surgery → Incorrect because it is usually not emergent.

Explanation:

• Thymus and bone marrow → Correct because lymphocyte maturation occurs here.

• Spleen and lymph nodes → Incorrect because they are secondary lymphoid organs.

• Tonsils and Peyer’s patches → Incorrect because they are secondary lymphoid tissue.

• Appendix and spleen → Incorrect because appendix is secondary lymphoid tissue.

• Liver and spleen → Incorrect because liver is not a primary lymphoid organ.

Explanation:

• Microorganisms → Correct because microbiology deals with bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

• Cells → Incorrect because this is studied under cytology.

• Tissues → Incorrect because this is histology.

• Viruses only → Incorrect because microbiology includes more than viruses.

• Parasites only → Incorrect because parasitology is a sub-branch.

Explanation:

• Respiratory failure → Correct because need for ventilatory support is the commonest ICU indication.

• Minor trauma → Incorrect because it does not require ICU.

• Elective surgery → Incorrect because ICU is rarely needed.

• Stable angina → Incorrect because it is managed in wards.

• Chronic kidney disease → Incorrect because ICU is needed only if unstable.

Explanation:

• Before surgery → Correct because neoadjuvant therapy reduces tumor size preoperatively.

• After surgery → Incorrect because this is adjuvant therapy.

• During surgery → Incorrect because therapy is not administered intraoperatively.

• Only for recurrence → Incorrect because it is used in primary disease.

• Only in metastatic disease → Incorrect because it is used in locally advanced disease.

Explanation:

• Leiomyoma → Correct because fibroids are the most common benign uterine tumors.

• Adenomyosis → Incorrect because it is endometrial tissue within myometrium.

• Endometrial polyp → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Endometrial hyperplasia → Incorrect because it is a premalignant condition.

• Ovarian cyst → Incorrect because it is not a uterine tumor.