Free emergency medicine MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Secure the airway → Correct because airway compromise is immediately life-threatening.

• Administer oxygen → Incorrect because oxygen is ineffective without a patent airway.

• Check blood pressure → Incorrect because airway takes priority.

• Obtain IV access → Incorrect because circulation comes after airway.

• Order chest X-ray → Incorrect because it delays lifesaving intervention.

Explanation:

• IV dextrose → Correct because it rapidly corrects hypoglycemia in unconscious patients.

• Oral glucose → Incorrect because aspiration risk exists.

• Insulin injection → Incorrect because it worsens hypoglycemia.

• Glucagon oral tablet → Incorrect because glucagon is given intramuscularly.

• Observation only → Incorrect because untreated hypoglycemia is life-threatening.

Explanation:

• First 1 hour after injury → Correct because early treatment significantly improves survival.

• First 30 minutes after injury → Incorrect because it underestimates the concept.

• First 2 hours after injury → Incorrect because it exceeds the golden hour definition.

• Time before surgery → Incorrect because it is not surgery-specific.

• Time of ambulance transport → Incorrect because it includes all early care.

Explanation:

• Epinephrine → Correct because it reverses airway edema, hypotension, and bronchospasm.

• Antihistamine → Incorrect because it is adjunctive therapy.

• Hydrocortisone → Incorrect because it has delayed onset.

• Salbutamol → Incorrect because it treats bronchospasm only.

• Atropine → Incorrect because it treats bradycardia.

Explanation:

• Hypovolemic shock → Correct because blood loss is the leading cause in trauma.

• Cardiogenic shock → Incorrect because it is less common in trauma.

• Neurogenic shock → Incorrect because it occurs in spinal injury.

• Septic shock → Incorrect because it is infection-related.

• Anaphylactic shock → Incorrect because it is allergy-related.

Explanation:

• Ventricular fibrillation → Correct because defibrillation can restore organized rhythm.

• Asystole → Incorrect because it is non-shockable.

• Pulseless electrical activity → Incorrect because it is non-shockable.

• Sinus bradycardia → Incorrect because it is not a cardiac arrest rhythm.

• Complete heart block → Incorrect because pacing, not defibrillation, is indicated.

Explanation:

• Level of consciousness → Correct because GCS evaluates eye, verbal, and motor responses.

• Respiratory effort → Incorrect because it assesses breathing.

• Cardiac output → Incorrect because it assesses circulation.

• Pain severity → Incorrect because pain scales are different tools.

• Muscle strength → Incorrect because it is assessed separately.

Explanation:

• Tracheal deviation → Correct because increased intrathoracic pressure pushes mediastinum.

• Bilateral equal breath sounds → Incorrect because sounds are decreased on affected side.

• Bradycardia → Incorrect because tachycardia is more common.

• Dull percussion note → Incorrect because pneumothorax produces hyperresonance.

• Crackles on auscultation → Incorrect because they suggest pulmonary edema.

Explanation:

• ABCDE approach → Correct because airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure are prioritized to save life.

• Definitive diagnosis → Incorrect because stabilization precedes diagnosis.

• Detailed history taking → Incorrect because it is secondary in emergencies.

• Laboratory investigations → Incorrect because they should not delay resuscitation.

• Radiological imaging → Incorrect because imaging is done after stabilization.

Explanation:

• 30:2 → Correct because current adult CPR guidelines recommend this ratio.

• 15:2 → Incorrect because it is used in some pediatric protocols.

• 20:2 → Incorrect because it is not guideline-recommended.

• 10:1 → Incorrect because it is inadequate.

• 5:1 → Incorrect because it is outdated.