Explanation:

• Septic shock → Correct because severe infection with circulatory failure is common in ICU.

• Cardiogenic shock → Incorrect because it is less common than sepsis.

• Hypovolemic shock → Incorrect because it is usually managed earlier.

• Anaphylactic shock → Incorrect because it is uncommon.

• Neurogenic shock → Incorrect because it is rare.

Explanation:

• Muscle weakness and balance problems → Correct because sarcopenia and poor balance increase fall risk.

• Visual impairment → Incorrect because it contributes but is not the most common cause.

• Environmental hazards → Incorrect because they are external factors.

• Cardiac arrhythmias → Incorrect because they cause syncope, not falls.

• Medication side effects → Incorrect because polypharmacy contributes but is not the most common cause.

Explanation:

• Hepatitis B infection → Correct because it is the leading global cause.

• Alcohol → Incorrect because it is common in certain regions only.

• Hepatitis C infection → Incorrect because it is less prevalent globally than HBV.

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease → Incorrect because it is increasing but not the most common worldwide.

• Autoimmune hepatitis → Incorrect because it is rare.

Explanation:

• Fetal hemoglobin → Correct because it binds oxygen more strongly than adult hemoglobin.

• Deoxyhemoglobin → Incorrect because it lacks bound oxygen.

• Oxyhemoglobin → Incorrect because it has normal affinity.

• Carbaminohemoglobin → Incorrect because it carries carbon dioxide.

• Methemoglobin → Incorrect because it cannot bind oxygen effectively.

Explanation:

• Prolonged corticosteroid therapy → Correct because iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is most common.

• Adrenal adenoma → Incorrect because it causes endogenous Cushing syndrome.

• Pituitary adenoma → Incorrect because it causes Cushing disease.

• Ectopic ACTH secretion → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Adrenal carcinoma → Incorrect because it is rare.

Explanation:

• Comprehensive care of individuals and families → Correct because family medicine provides continuous, holistic care across all ages and genders.

• Specialized surgical procedures → Incorrect because family medicine is not a surgical specialty.

• Hospital-based intensive care → Incorrect because it mainly emphasizes primary care.

• Laboratory-based diagnosis only → Incorrect because it includes clinical, preventive, and psychosocial care.

• Single-organ disease management → Incorrect because family medicine is not organ-specific.

Explanation:

• Digital subtraction angiography → Correct because it provides detailed vascular anatomy.

• Doppler ultrasound → Incorrect because it is a screening tool.

• CT angiography → Incorrect because it is less definitive.

• MR angiography → Incorrect because it is non-invasive but not gold standard.

• Plain X-ray → Incorrect because it does not visualize vessels.

Explanation:

• Reduced hemoglobin concentration → Correct because oxygen-carrying capacity is decreased.

• Decreased plasma volume → Incorrect because it causes hemoconcentration.

• Increased cardiac output → Incorrect because it is a compensatory response.

• Excess iron storage → Incorrect because it does not cause hypoxia.

• Increased oxygen affinity → Incorrect because it impairs oxygen release, not carriage.

Explanation:

• Neck and jaw muscles → Correct because rigor mortis starts in small muscles like jaw and neck.

• Lower limbs → Incorrect because rigor reaches them later.

• Upper limbs → Incorrect because they are affected after jaw.

• Trunk muscles → Incorrect because they stiffen later.

• Facial muscles only → Incorrect because jaw and neck are first, not face alone.

Explanation:

• Electroconvulsive therapy → Correct because it produces rapid improvement in severe depression.

• Antidepressants only → Incorrect because onset of action is slow.

• Psychotherapy only → Incorrect because it is insufficient in emergencies.

• Anxiolytics → Incorrect because they do not treat depression.

• Antipsychotics → Incorrect because they are not primary treatment.