Explanation:

• Hypocalcemia → Correct because low PTH reduces calcium levels.

• Hypercalcemia → Incorrect because it occurs in hyperparathyroidism.

• Hypernatremia → Incorrect because sodium is unaffected.

• Hypokalemia → Incorrect because potassium is not directly affected.

• Hyperphosphatemia only → Incorrect because hypocalcemia is key.

Explanation:

• Nervous system → Correct because neuroscience focuses on brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

• Endocrine system → Incorrect because this is endocrinology.

• Musculoskeletal system → Incorrect because this is orthopedics.

• Cardiovascular system → Incorrect because this is cardiology.

• Respiratory system → Incorrect because this is pulmonology.

Explanation:

• Urine output → Correct because it reflects renal perfusion and overall circulation.

• Heart rate → Incorrect because it is nonspecific.

• Blood pressure → Incorrect because perfusion can be poor despite normal BP.

• Respiratory rate → Incorrect because it reflects ventilation.

• Body temperature → Incorrect because it reflects infection/metabolism.

Explanation:

• Rapid assessment and life-saving intervention → Correct because trauma care prioritizes survival.

• Definitive surgical repair → Incorrect because it follows stabilization.

• Pain control → Incorrect because it is supportive.

• Cosmetic outcome → Incorrect because it is secondary.

• Early rehabilitation → Incorrect because it is a later phase.

Explanation:

(Correct): The frontal bone forms the forehead and roof of the orbit.

• Parietal bones form the sides and roof of the skull.

• Temporal bone forms the lateral skull and ear region.

• Occipital bone forms the back of the skull.

• Sphenoid is a central skull base bone.

Explanation:

• Ultrasound FAST → Correct because it rapidly detects internal bleeding at bedside.

• MRI → Incorrect because it is time-consuming.

• CT scan whole body → Incorrect because it is done after stabilization.

• Plain X-rays only → Incorrect because they are limited.

• Angiography → Incorrect because it is for specific indications.

Explanation:

• Gravitational settling of blood → Correct because blood pools in dependent parts after death.

• Rigor mortis → Incorrect because it is muscle stiffening.

• Coagulation of blood → Incorrect because lividity is due to pooling, not clotting.

• Decomposition gases → Incorrect because they cause bloating.

• Muscle stiffening → Incorrect because that describes rigor mortis.

Explanation:

• Electrocardiogram → Correct because it assesses baseline cardiac status, especially in adults.

• Electroencephalogram → Incorrect because it is used for seizure evaluation.

• CT scan → Incorrect because it is not routine.

• MRI → Incorrect because it is not required preoperatively in most cases.

• Bone scan → Incorrect because it is used for metastasis evaluation.

Explanation:

• Competing with agonist at the same receptor → Correct because competitive antagonists block agonist binding reversibly.

• Reducing drug absorption → Incorrect because this is pharmacokinetics.

• Binding irreversibly to receptor → Incorrect because this describes non-competitive antagonists.

• Activating the receptor → Incorrect because this is an agonist.

• Increasing receptor number → Incorrect because this is upregulation.

Explanation:

• Urine output → Correct because it reflects end-organ perfusion.

• Blood pressure → Incorrect because it may remain normal initially.

• Heart rate → Incorrect because it is nonspecific.

• Respiratory rate → Incorrect because it reflects metabolic acidosis.

• Capillary refill → Incorrect because it is subjective.