Free geriatric medicine MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Holistic and multidisciplinary approach → Correct because elderly have multiple interrelated problems.

• Aggressive treatment → Incorrect because overtreatment increases risk.

• Symptom-based treatment only → Incorrect because causes are also addressed.

• Avoiding medications → Incorrect because medications are often necessary.

• Focusing on single disease → Incorrect because comorbidities coexist.

Explanation:

• Vitamin D → Correct because reduced sun exposure and absorption cause deficiency.

• Vitamin A → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Vitamin B₁₂ → Incorrect because it is common but less than vitamin D.

• Vitamin C → Incorrect because scurvy is rare.

• Vitamin K → Incorrect because deficiency is uncommon.

Explanation:

• Detrusor overactivity → Correct because it causes urge incontinence.

• Urinary tract infection → Incorrect because it is reversible cause.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia → Incorrect because it causes overflow incontinence.

• Renal failure → Incorrect because it causes oliguria.

• Bladder cancer → Incorrect because it causes hematuria.

Explanation:

• Chronic diseases → Correct because aging is associated with long-term conditions.

• Acute infections → Incorrect because they are common but not most common.

• Congenital disorders → Incorrect because they present earlier in life.

• Traumatic injuries → Incorrect because they are situational.

• Autoimmune diseases → Incorrect because they are not most common.

Explanation:

• Elderly individuals → Correct because geriatric medicine focuses on aging-related health issues.

• Children → Incorrect because this is pediatrics.

• Adults → Incorrect because this is internal medicine.

• Pregnant women → Incorrect because this is obstetrics.

• Adolescents → Incorrect because this is adolescent medicine.

Explanation:

• Cardiovascular diseases → Correct because they are leading cause of death in elderly.

• Infections → Incorrect because they are common but not leading cause.

• Malignancy → Incorrect because it is second most common.

• Respiratory diseases → Incorrect because they contribute but less.

• Accidents → Incorrect because they cause injury but not most common mortality.

Explanation:

• Alzheimer disease → Correct because it accounts for the majority of dementia cases.

• Vascular dementia → Incorrect because it is second most common.

• Parkinson disease → Incorrect because dementia occurs late.

• Lewy body dementia → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Frontotemporal dementia → Incorrect because it occurs earlier in life.

Explanation:

• Muscle weakness and balance problems → Correct because sarcopenia and poor balance increase fall risk.

• Visual impairment → Incorrect because it contributes but is not the most common cause.

• Environmental hazards → Incorrect because they are external factors.

• Cardiac arrhythmias → Incorrect because they cause syncope, not falls.

• Medication side effects → Incorrect because polypharmacy contributes but is not the most common cause.

Explanation:

• Depression → Correct because it is underdiagnosed but highly prevalent.

• Schizophrenia → Incorrect because it starts earlier in life.

• Bipolar disorder → Incorrect because onset is earlier.

• Anxiety disorder → Incorrect because it is common but less than depression.

• Delirium → Incorrect because it is acute and reversible.

Explanation:

• Use of multiple medications → Correct because elderly often take many drugs simultaneously.

• Use of alternative medicine → Incorrect because it is not polypharmacy.

• Use of herbal drugs → Incorrect because it may contribute but is not definition.

• Use of high-dose drugs → Incorrect because dose is not defining factor.

• Use of injectable drugs → Incorrect because route is irrelevant.