Free general pathology MCQ exam model for basic medical & preclinical students

Explanation:

• Prostaglandin E₂ → Correct because it acts on hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.

• Histamine → Incorrect because it causes vasodilation.

• Leukotrienes → Incorrect because they cause bronchoconstriction.

• Serotonin → Incorrect because it has a minor inflammatory role.

• Nitric oxide → Incorrect because it causes vasodilation.

Explanation:

• Hypertrophy → Correct because it is an increase in cell size.

• Hyperplasia → Incorrect because it is an increase in cell number.

• Metaplasia → Incorrect because it is change in cell type.

• Atrophy → Incorrect because it is decrease in cell size.

• Dysplasia → Incorrect because it is disordered growth.

Explanation:

• Histamine → Correct because it causes immediate vasodilation and increased permeability.

• Serotonin → Incorrect because it has a minor role.

• Bradykinin → Incorrect because it causes pain.

• Leukotrienes → Incorrect because they cause bronchoconstriction.

• Prostaglandins → Incorrect because they mediate pain and fever.

Explanation:

• Heart infarction → Correct because ischemia in solid organs causes coagulative necrosis.

• Brain infarction → Incorrect because it shows liquefactive necrosis.

• Abscess formation → Incorrect because it involves liquefaction.

• Tuberculosis → Incorrect because it shows caseous necrosis.

• Pancreatitis → Incorrect because it shows fat necrosis.

Explanation:

• Fatty change → Correct because it is a common reversible cellular injury.

• Necrosis → Incorrect because it is irreversible cell death.

• Apoptosis → Incorrect because it is programmed cell death.

• Autophagy → Incorrect because it is a survival mechanism.

• Calcification → Incorrect because it usually indicates chronic injury.

Explanation:

• Metastasis → Correct because it refers to spread of cancer to distant organs.

• Hyperplasia → Incorrect because it is increase in cell number.

• Metaplasia → Incorrect because it is change in cell type.

• Dysplasia → Incorrect because it is premalignant change.

• Anaplasia → Incorrect because it is loss of differentiation.

Explanation:

• Lipoma → Correct because it is a benign tumor of adipose tissue.

• Carcinoma → Incorrect because it is malignant epithelial tumor.

• Sarcoma → Incorrect because it is malignant mesenchymal tumor.

• Melanoma → Incorrect because it is malignant tumor of melanocytes.

• Lymphoma → Incorrect because it is malignant lymphoid tumor.

Explanation:

• Structural and functional changes in disease → Correct because pathology explains disease mechanisms and effects.

• Normal structure of tissues → Incorrect because this is histology.

• Normal body functions → Incorrect because this is physiology.

• Microorganisms causing disease → Incorrect because this is microbiology.

• Drug actions in the body → Incorrect because this is pharmacology.

Explanation:

• Suppurative inflammation → Correct because it involves neutrophils and pus.

• Serous inflammation → Incorrect because it produces clear fluid.

• Fibrinous inflammation → Incorrect because it produces fibrin.

• Granulomatous inflammation → Incorrect because it involves macrophages.

• Chronic inflammation → Incorrect because it involves lymphocytes and fibrosis.

Explanation:

• Epithelioid cell → Correct because it is a modified macrophage forming granulomas.

• Neutrophil → Incorrect because it dominates acute inflammation.

• Eosinophil → Incorrect because it is seen in allergy and parasitic infections.

• Plasma cell → Incorrect because it produces antibodies.

• Mast cell → Incorrect because it releases histamine.