Free vascular surgery MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Embolism → Correct because cardiac emboli commonly occlude limb arteries suddenly.

• Atherosclerosis → Incorrect because it causes chronic ischemia.

• Thrombosis → Incorrect because it often occurs on diseased vessels.

• Vasculitis → Incorrect because it is uncommon.

• Trauma → Incorrect because it causes direct injury.

Explanation:

• Arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels → Correct because vascular surgery manages peripheral vascular diseases.

• Heart only → Incorrect because this is cardiothoracic surgery.

• Nervous system → Incorrect because this is neurosurgery.

• Respiratory system → Incorrect because this is thoracic surgery.

• Gastrointestinal tract → Incorrect because this is general surgery.

Explanation:

• Pruritus → Incorrect because it is not part of the 6 P’s of ischemia.

• Pain → Correct because it is an early symptom of ischemia.

• Pallor → Correct because reduced blood flow causes paleness.

• Pulselessness → Correct because arterial flow is absent.

• Paresthesia → Correct because nerve ischemia causes sensory loss.

Explanation:

• Great saphenous vein → Correct because it is most prone to valvular incompetence.

• Small saphenous vein → Incorrect because it is less commonly involved.

• Femoral vein → Incorrect because it is a deep vein.

• Popliteal vein → Incorrect because it is a deep vein.

• Deep femoral vein → Incorrect because it is rarely varicose.

Explanation:

• Femoral artery → Correct because it is commonly involved in atherosclerosis.

• Popliteal artery → Incorrect because it is less commonly affected.

• Iliac artery → Incorrect because it is involved but less frequently.

• Anterior tibial artery → Incorrect because distal vessels are affected later.

• Radial artery → Incorrect because upper limb involvement is rare.

Explanation:

• Venous ulceration → Correct because chronic venous hypertension leads to ulcers.

• Cosmetic deformity → Incorrect because it is not serious.

• Edema → Incorrect because it is common but reversible.

• Superficial thrombophlebitis → Incorrect because it is less severe.

• Itching → Incorrect because it is a minor symptom.

Explanation:

• Digital subtraction angiography → Correct because it provides detailed vascular anatomy.

• Doppler ultrasound → Incorrect because it is a screening tool.

• CT angiography → Incorrect because it is less definitive.

• MR angiography → Incorrect because it is non-invasive but not gold standard.

• Plain X-ray → Incorrect because it does not visualize vessels.

Explanation:

• Atherosclerosis → Correct because plaque formation narrows peripheral arteries.

• Diabetes mellitus → Incorrect because it accelerates but is not primary cause.

• Thromboembolism → Incorrect because it causes acute ischemia.

• Vasculitis → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Trauma → Incorrect because it causes acute vascular injury.

Explanation:

• Intermittent claudication → Correct because exertional muscle pain relieved by rest is classic.

• Rest pain → Incorrect because it indicates critical limb ischemia.

• Gangrene → Incorrect because it is a late complication.

• Ulceration → Incorrect because it occurs in advanced disease.

• Edema → Incorrect because it suggests venous disease.

Explanation:

• Relieve ischemia and preserve limb function → Correct because limb salvage and perfusion are priorities.

• Remove affected vessels → Incorrect because reconstruction is preferred.

• Improve cosmetic appearance → Incorrect because function is primary.

• Avoid medical therapy → Incorrect because surgery complements medical care.

• Delay intervention → Incorrect because early treatment prevents complications.