Free neurology MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Upper motor neuron → Correct because extensor plantar response indicates corticospinal tract lesion.

• Lower motor neuron → Incorrect because it causes flaccidity.

• Peripheral nerve → Incorrect because it causes sensory and LMN signs.

• Neuromuscular junction → Incorrect because it causes fatigability.

• Muscle fiber → Incorrect because it causes myopathy.

Explanation:

• Acetylcholine → Correct because degeneration of cholinergic neurons occurs.

• Dopamine → Incorrect because it is deficient in Parkinson disease.

• Serotonin → Incorrect because it affects mood disorders.

• GABA → Incorrect because it is inhibitory neurotransmitter.

• Glutamate → Incorrect because it is excitatory neurotransmitter.

Explanation:

• Cerebral thrombosis → Correct because atherosclerotic occlusion of cerebral arteries is most common.

• Cerebral embolism → Incorrect because it is common but less than thrombosis.

• Intracerebral hemorrhage → Incorrect because it causes hemorrhagic stroke.

• Subarachnoid hemorrhage → Incorrect because it is due to aneurysm rupture.

• Brain tumor → Incorrect because it does not cause stroke.

Explanation:

• Alzheimer disease → Correct because it accounts for the majority of dementia cases.

• Vascular dementia → Incorrect because it is second most common.

• Parkinson disease → Incorrect because dementia occurs later.

• Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease → Incorrect because it is rare.

• Frontotemporal dementia → Incorrect because it is less common.

Explanation:

• Stroke → Correct because cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause in adults.

• Brain tumor → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Metabolic disorders → Incorrect because they cause acute symptomatic seizures.

• Infections → Incorrect because they are more common in children.

• Trauma → Incorrect because it causes post-traumatic seizures but not most common.

Explanation:

• Nervous system → Correct because neurology focuses on diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

• Musculoskeletal system → Incorrect because this is orthopedics/rheumatology.

• Endocrine system → Incorrect because this is endocrinology.

• Cardiovascular system → Incorrect because this is cardiology.

• Respiratory system → Incorrect because this is pulmonology.

Explanation:

• Rigidity → Correct because lead-pipe or cogwheel rigidity is characteristic.

• Chorea → Incorrect because it is seen in Huntington disease.

• Intention tremor → Incorrect because it is cerebellar.

• Spasticity → Incorrect because it is an upper motor neuron sign.

• Flaccid paralysis → Incorrect because it is lower motor neuron lesion.

Explanation:

• Guillain–Barré syndrome → Correct because demyelination causes ascending paralysis.

• Myasthenia gravis → Incorrect because it causes fatigable weakness.

• Multiple sclerosis → Incorrect because it causes relapsing CNS lesions.

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis → Incorrect because it causes mixed UMN and LMN signs.

• Poliomyelitis → Incorrect because it causes asymmetric paralysis.

Explanation:

• Facial nerve → Correct because Bell palsy is an LMN lesion of facial nerve.

• Oculomotor nerve → Incorrect because it controls eye movements.

• Trigeminal nerve → Incorrect because it is sensory to face.

• Glossopharyngeal nerve → Incorrect because it controls swallowing.

• Hypoglossal nerve → Incorrect because it supplies tongue muscles.

Explanation:

• CT scan brain → Correct because it rapidly differentiates ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

• MRI brain → Incorrect because it takes longer in emergencies.

• EEG → Incorrect because it assesses seizures.

• Lumbar puncture → Incorrect because it is used in meningitis/SAH.

• Cerebral angiography → Incorrect because it is not first-line.