Free oncology MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Cigarette smoke → Correct because it contains multiple carcinogens causing lung cancer.

• Alcohol → Incorrect because it is associated with liver and esophageal cancers.

• Asbestos → Incorrect because it causes mesothelioma.

• Aflatoxin → Incorrect because it causes hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Ultraviolet radiation → Incorrect because it causes skin cancer.

Explanation:

• Metastasize → Correct because spread to distant sites defines malignancy.

• Differentiate well → Incorrect because malignant tumors are poorly differentiated.

• Remain localized → Incorrect because this is benign behavior.

• Be encapsulated → Incorrect because malignant tumors are infiltrative.

• Grow slowly → Incorrect because malignant tumors often grow rapidly.

Explanation:

• Encapsulation → Correct because benign tumors are usually well-circumscribed.

• Rapid growth → Incorrect because benign tumors grow slowly.

• Invasion of surrounding tissues → Incorrect because this is malignant.

• Metastasis → Incorrect because benign tumors do not metastasize.

• Poor differentiation → Incorrect because benign tumors are well differentiated.

Explanation:

• Radiotherapy → Correct because it is effective for localized tumor control.

• Chemotherapy → Incorrect because it is systemic therapy.

• Hormonal therapy → Incorrect because it targets hormone-sensitive tumors.

• Immunotherapy → Incorrect because it modulates immune response systemically.

• Targeted therapy → Incorrect because it is molecular-based systemic therapy.

Explanation:

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma → Correct because it is the most common blood cancer.

• Acute myeloid leukemia → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia → Incorrect because it is common in elderly but overall less common.

• Multiple myeloma → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Hodgkin lymphoma → Incorrect because it is less frequent.

Explanation:

• Lung cancer → Correct because it has the highest mortality globally.

• Breast cancer → Incorrect because it is common but less fatal.

• Colorectal cancer → Incorrect because it has lower mortality.

• Prostate cancer → Incorrect because mortality is relatively low.

• Liver cancer → Incorrect because it is regionally common.

Explanation:

• Leukemia → Correct because acute lymphoblastic leukemia is most common in children.

• Neuroblastoma → Incorrect because it is common but less than leukemia.

• Wilms tumor → Incorrect because it is renal tumor in children.

• Retinoblastoma → Incorrect because it is rare.

• Lymphoma → Incorrect because it is less common than leukemia.

Explanation:

• Tumor stage → Correct because extent of spread determines prognosis.

• Age of patient → Incorrect because it influences tolerance to therapy.

• Sex of patient → Incorrect because it is not primary prognostic factor.

• Tumor grade → Incorrect because it reflects differentiation but stage is more important.

• Tumor marker level → Incorrect because it is adjunctive.

Explanation:

• Cancers and tumors → Correct because oncology focuses on malignant neoplasms.

• Infectious diseases → Incorrect because this is infectious medicine.

• Autoimmune disorders → Incorrect because this is immunology/rheumatology.

• Genetic disorders → Incorrect because this is genetics.

• Metabolic diseases → Incorrect because this is endocrinology.

Explanation:

• AFP → Correct because alpha-fetoprotein is elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma.

• CEA → Incorrect because it is associated with colorectal cancer.

• PSA → Incorrect because it is for prostate cancer.

• CA-125 → Incorrect because it is for ovarian cancer.

• CA 19-9 → Incorrect because it is for pancreatic cancer.