Free neuroscience MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Axon → Correct because it carries action potentials away from the soma.

• Dendrite → Incorrect because it receives impulses.

• Cell body → Incorrect because it integrates signals.

• Synaptic cleft → Incorrect because it is the gap between neurons.

• Nissl substance → Incorrect because it is involved in protein synthesis.

Explanation:

• Ischemic infarction → Correct because thrombosis or embolism causes most strokes.

• Intracerebral hemorrhage → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Subarachnoid hemorrhage → Incorrect because it is usually due to aneurysm.

• Brain tumor → Incorrect because it causes focal deficits, not stroke.

• Cerebral infection → Incorrect because it causes encephalitis or abscess.

Explanation:

• Acetylcholine → Correct because it stimulates skeletal muscle contraction.

• Dopamine → Incorrect because it is involved in reward pathways.

• Serotonin → Incorrect because it modulates mood.

• GABA → Incorrect because it is inhibitory in CNS.

• Glutamate → Incorrect because it is excitatory in CNS.

Explanation:

• Rest and digest system → Correct because it conserves energy and promotes digestion.

• Fight or flight system → Incorrect because this is sympathetic system.

• Energy-expending system → Incorrect because sympathetic activity expends energy.

• Stress response system → Incorrect because it refers to sympathetic-adrenal axis.

• Emergency response system → Incorrect because it is sympathetic function.

Explanation:

• GABA → Correct because it inhibits neuronal firing in the CNS.

• Glutamate → Incorrect because it is excitatory.

• Acetylcholine → Incorrect because it is excitatory at NMJ.

• Dopamine → Incorrect because it is modulatory.

• Norepinephrine → Incorrect because it is excitatory/modulatory.

Explanation:

• Nervous system → Correct because neuroscience focuses on brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

• Endocrine system → Incorrect because this is endocrinology.

• Musculoskeletal system → Incorrect because this is orthopedics.

• Cardiovascular system → Incorrect because this is cardiology.

• Respiratory system → Incorrect because this is pulmonology.

Explanation:

• Coordination of movement → Correct because cerebellum fine-tunes motor activity.

• Memory → Incorrect because this is hippocampal function.

• Emotion → Incorrect because this is limbic system.

• Speech comprehension → Incorrect because this is Wernicke area.

• Autonomic control → Incorrect because this is hypothalamus/brainstem.

Explanation:
Expressive aphasia → Correct because Broca area controls speech production.
Receptive aphasia → Incorrect because it is due to Wernicke area damage.
Global aphasia → Incorrect because it involves extensive cortical damage.
Dysarthria → Incorrect because it is a motor speech disorder.
Agnosia → Incorrect because it is loss of object recognition.

Explanation:

• Large hydrophilic molecules → Correct because tight junctions restrict their entry.

• Oxygen → Incorrect because it diffuses freely.

• Carbon dioxide → Incorrect because it diffuses freely.

• Lipid-soluble substances → Incorrect because they cross easily.

• Glucose → Incorrect because it is actively transported.

Explanation:

• Neuron → Correct because it is the basic structural and functional unit.

• Neuroglia → Incorrect because they provide support, not conduction.

• Synapse → Incorrect because it is a junction, not a unit.

• Axon → Incorrect because it is part of a neuron.

• Dendrite → Incorrect because it is part of a neuron.