Free gastroenterology MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Octreotide → Correct because it reduces portal pressure and variceal bleeding.

• Omeprazole → Incorrect because it treats acid-related disorders.

• Propranolol → Incorrect because it is used for prophylaxis, not acute bleeding.

• Lactulose → Incorrect because it treats hepatic encephalopathy.

• Rifaximin → Incorrect because it is an antibiotic for encephalopathy.

Explanation:

• Digestive system → Correct because gastroenterology focuses on the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs.

• Heart → Incorrect because this is cardiology.

• Respiratory system → Incorrect because this is pulmonology.

• Urinary system → Incorrect because this is nephrology.

• Nervous system → Incorrect because this is neurology.

Explanation:

• Gallstones → Correct because they obstruct pancreatic duct causing pancreatitis.

• Alcohol → Incorrect because it is the second most common cause.

• Hypercalcemia → Incorrect because it is a rare cause.

• Hypertriglyceridemia → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Drugs → Incorrect because drug-induced pancreatitis is uncommon.

Explanation:

• Duodenal biopsy → Correct because it shows villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia.

• Barium meal → Incorrect because it is nonspecific.

• Serum amylase → Incorrect because it assesses pancreatitis.

• Stool fat analysis → Incorrect because it detects malabsorption only.

• Liver function tests → Incorrect because they do not diagnose celiac disease.

Explanation:

• Hematemesis → Correct because vomiting of blood indicates upper GI bleeding.

• Melena → Incorrect because it can occur in both upper and lower GI bleeding.

• Hematochezia → Incorrect because it suggests lower GI bleeding.

• Steatorrhea → Incorrect because it indicates fat malabsorption.

• Tenesmus → Incorrect because it is a rectal symptom.

Explanation:

• Hepatitis B infection → Correct because it is the leading global cause.

• Alcohol → Incorrect because it is common in certain regions only.

• Hepatitis C infection → Incorrect because it is less prevalent globally than HBV.

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease → Incorrect because it is increasing but not the most common worldwide.

• Autoimmune hepatitis → Incorrect because it is rare.

Explanation:

• Portal hypertension → Correct because it increases hydrostatic pressure in portal circulation.

• Increased oncotic pressure → Incorrect because oncotic pressure is decreased.

• Decreased portal pressure → Incorrect because pressure is increased.

• Increased renal perfusion → Incorrect because renal perfusion is reduced.

• Excess bile production → Incorrect because bile does not cause ascites.

Explanation:

• Helicobacter pylori infection → Correct because it is the leading cause of peptic ulcers.

• NSAID use → Incorrect because it is a major cause but second to H. pylori globally.

• Stress → Incorrect because stress ulcers occur mainly in critically ill patients.

• Smoking → Incorrect because it is a risk factor, not a primary cause.

• Alcohol intake → Incorrect because it irritates mucosa but rarely causes ulcers alone.

Explanation:

• Rectum → Correct because it is the most frequent site overall.

• Cecum → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Ascending colon → Incorrect because it is less frequent.

• Transverse colon → Incorrect because it is uncommon.

• Sigmoid colon → Incorrect because it is common but less than rectum.

Explanation:

• Esophageal carcinoma → Correct because luminal narrowing progressively worsens.

• Achalasia cardia → Incorrect because dysphagia is to both solids and liquids from start.

• Esophageal stricture → Incorrect because progression is slower and often benign.

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease → Incorrect because it causes heartburn.

• Hiatus hernia → Incorrect because it causes reflux symptoms.