Free pediatric medicine MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Ventricular septal defect → Correct because it is the most frequent congenital cardiac anomaly.

• Tetralogy of Fallot → Incorrect because it is the most common cyanotic CHD, not overall.

• Patent ductus arteriosus → Incorrect because it is less common than VSD.

• Atrial septal defect → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Coarctation of aorta → Incorrect because it is relatively rare.

Explanation:

• 1 and 5 minutes after birth → Correct because these times assess neonatal adaptation.

• Immediately at birth only → Incorrect because scoring is timed.

• 10 minutes after birth → Incorrect because it is not routine.

• 30 minutes after birth → Incorrect because it is too late.

• Before delivery → Incorrect because Apgar is postnatal.

Explanation:

• Poor weight gain compared to age → Correct because it reflects inadequate growth.

• Low birth weight → Incorrect because it refers to birth weight only.

• Delayed milestones only → Incorrect because it refers to development, not growth.

• Short stature only → Incorrect because height alone is not sufficient.

• Congenital anomalies → Incorrect because they are not the definition.

Explanation:

• Vitamin D → Correct because deficiency leads to defective bone mineralization.

• Vitamin A → Incorrect because it affects vision and immunity.

• Vitamin B₁₂ → Incorrect because it causes anemia and neuropathy.

• Vitamin C → Incorrect because it causes scurvy.

• Vitamin K → Incorrect because it affects coagulation.

Explanation:

• BCG → Correct because it is administered at birth to prevent tuberculosis.

• DPT → Incorrect because it starts at 6 weeks.

• OPV → Incorrect because first dose is at birth in some schedules but BCG is the classic answer.

• Measles → Incorrect because it is given at 9 months.

• Hepatitis A → Incorrect because it is given later in childhood.

Explanation:

• Sunken eyes → Correct because it indicates significant fluid loss.

• Normal skin turgor → Incorrect because turgor is reduced in dehydration.

• Tears present → Incorrect because tears are absent in severe dehydration.

• Moist mouth → Incorrect because mucosa becomes dry.

• Normal urine output → Incorrect because urine output is decreased.

Explanation:

• Viral infection → Correct because rotavirus is the leading cause worldwide.

• Bacterial infection → Incorrect because it is less common overall.

• Parasitic infection → Incorrect because it usually causes chronic diarrhea.

• Food allergy → Incorrect because it is an uncommon cause.

• Inflammatory bowel disease → Incorrect because it causes chronic symptoms.

Explanation:

• Children from birth to adolescence → Correct because pediatrics covers neonates, infants, children, and adolescents.

• Adults only → Incorrect because this is internal medicine.

• Elderly patients → Incorrect because this is geriatrics.

• Pregnant women → Incorrect because this is obstetrics.

• Newborns only → Incorrect because neonatology is a subspecialty.

Explanation:

• 100–160 beats/min → Correct because newborns normally have higher heart rates.

• 60–80 beats/min → Incorrect because it is typical of adults.

• 80–100 beats/min → Incorrect because it is low for newborns.

• 160–200 beats/min → Incorrect because it suggests tachycardia.

• 40–60 beats/min → Incorrect because it indicates bradycardia.

Explanation:

• Physiological jaundice → Correct because it occurs due to immature liver enzymes.

• Hemolytic disease → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Biliary atresia → Incorrect because it causes persistent jaundice.

• Sepsis → Incorrect because it is a pathological cause.

• Galactosemia → Incorrect because it is a rare metabolic disorder.