Free ENT “Otorhinolaryngiology” MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Acute laryngitis → Correct because inflammation of vocal cords causes hoarseness.

• Laryngeal carcinoma → Incorrect because it causes persistent hoarseness.

• Vocal cord nodules → Incorrect because they cause chronic hoarseness.

• Vocal cord paralysis → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Foreign body → Incorrect because it causes acute airway symptoms.

Explanation:

• Nasal foreign body → Correct because it causes unilateral foul-smelling discharge.

• Allergic rhinitis → Incorrect because discharge is watery and bilateral.

• Acute sinusitis → Incorrect because it causes purulent discharge but usually bilateral.

• Deviated nasal septum → Incorrect because it causes obstruction, not discharge.

• Nasal polyp → Incorrect because it causes obstruction without foul smell.

Explanation:

• Palatine tonsil → Correct because it is most exposed to infection.

• Lingual tonsil → Incorrect because it is less commonly infected.

• Pharyngeal tonsil → Incorrect because its enlargement causes adenoids.

• Tubal tonsil → Incorrect because it is rarely involved.

• Laryngeal tonsil → Incorrect because it is not a common site.

Explanation:

• Hypertension → Correct because it predisposes to posterior epistaxis in adults.

• Nasal trauma → Incorrect because it is more common in children.

• Nasal polyp → Incorrect because it rarely causes bleeding.

• Bleeding disorders → Incorrect because they are less common causes.

• Sinusitis → Incorrect because it usually causes discharge, not epistaxis.

Explanation:

• Tympanometry → Correct because it objectively assesses middle ear pressure and fluid.

• Pure tone audiometry → Incorrect because it assesses hearing thresholds only.

• CT scan temporal bone → Incorrect because it is not first-line.

• Otoscopy → Incorrect because it is subjective.

• MRI brain → Incorrect because it is unrelated.

Explanation:

• Semicircular canals → Correct because they detect angular acceleration and maintain balance.

• Cochlea → Incorrect because it is responsible for hearing.

• Eustachian tube → Incorrect because it equalizes middle ear pressure.

• Tympanic membrane → Incorrect because it transmits sound vibrations.

• Auditory nerve → Incorrect because it carries auditory impulses.

Explanation:

• Otitis media → Correct because middle ear effusion impairs sound conduction.

• Presbycusis → Incorrect because it causes sensorineural hearing loss.

• Acoustic neuroma → Incorrect because it causes sensorineural loss.

• Noise-induced hearing loss → Incorrect because it damages cochlear hair cells.

• Ototoxic drugs → Incorrect because they cause sensorineural loss.

Explanation:

• Epistaxis → Correct because septal deviation causes mucosal dryness and vessel rupture.

• Anosmia → Incorrect because smell loss is uncommon.

• Hearing loss → Incorrect because it is not a direct effect.

• Vertigo → Incorrect because it is a vestibular symptom.

• Tinnitus → Incorrect because it is usually inner ear related.

Explanation:

• Chorda tympani → Correct because it carries taste fibers from anterior tongue.

• Glossopharyngeal nerve → Incorrect because it supplies posterior one-third taste.

• Hypoglossal nerve → Incorrect because it supplies tongue muscles.

• Lingual nerve → Incorrect because it carries general sensation only.

• Vagus nerve → Incorrect because it supplies palate and pharynx.

Explanation:

• Cavernous sinus → Correct because infection can spread via angular vein.

• Facial vein → Incorrect because it is a superficial drainage vein.

• External jugular vein → Incorrect because it drains superficial structures.

• Internal jugular vein → Incorrect because it drains deeper veins indirectly.

• Subclavian vein → Incorrect because it is not involved in facial drainage.