Free public health MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Primary prevention → Correct because immunization prevents disease occurrence.

• Primordial prevention → Incorrect because it targets lifestyle risk factors.

• Secondary prevention → Incorrect because it involves screening.

• Tertiary prevention → Incorrect because it manages complications.

• Quaternary prevention → Incorrect because it prevents over-medicalization.

Explanation:

• 1,000 live births → Correct because IMR is standardized per 1,000 live births.

• 100 live births → Incorrect because denominator is too small.

• 10,000 live births → Incorrect because not standard.

• 1,000 total population → Incorrect because IMR uses live births.

• 100,000 population → Incorrect because this is used for incidence rates.

Explanation:

• Agent, host, environment → Correct because disease occurrence depends on interaction of these three factors.

• Disease, treatment, outcome → Incorrect because these describe clinical course.

• Doctor, patient, hospital → Incorrect because they relate to healthcare delivery.

• Prevention, cure, rehabilitation → Incorrect because these are levels of care.

• Incidence, prevalence, mortality → Incorrect because these are epidemiological indices.

Explanation:

• Health of the community → Correct because public health focuses on prevention and promotion at population level.

• Treatment of individual patients → Incorrect because this is clinical medicine.

• Surgical management of disease → Incorrect because this is surgery.

• Hospital-based care only → Incorrect because public health extends beyond hospitals.

• Drug development → Incorrect because this is pharmacology.

Explanation:

• New cases occurring in a given time → Correct because incidence measures rate of new disease occurrence.

• Total existing cases → Incorrect because this defines prevalence.

• Total deaths due to disease → Incorrect because this defines mortality.

• Proportion of population affected → Incorrect because this is prevalence.

• Risk factor distribution → Incorrect because it is not incidence.

Explanation:

• Life expectancy → Correct because it summarizes mortality across all age groups.

• Crude death rate → Incorrect because it is influenced by population structure.

• Infant mortality rate → Incorrect because it reflects child health only.

• Birth rate → Incorrect because it reflects fertility.

• Case fatality rate → Incorrect because it reflects disease severity.

Explanation:

• Primary prevention → Correct because it prevents disease before it occurs.

• Primordial prevention → Incorrect because it prevents emergence of risk factors.

• Secondary prevention → Incorrect because it focuses on early detection.

• Tertiary prevention → Incorrect because it limits disability.

• Rehabilitation → Incorrect because it restores function after disease.

Explanation:

• Water-borne diseases → Correct because contaminated water transmits infections like cholera and typhoid.

• Airborne diseases → Incorrect because they spread via droplets.

• Vector-borne diseases → Incorrect because they spread via insects.

• Genetic disorders → Incorrect because they are inherited.

• Occupational diseases → Incorrect because they are workplace-related.

Explanation:

• WHO → Correct because it is the global authority on public health.

• UNICEF → Incorrect because it focuses on child welfare.

• World Bank → Incorrect because it provides financial assistance.

• UNESCO → Incorrect because it focuses on education and culture.

• FAO → Incorrect because it focuses on food and agriculture.

Explanation:

• High sensitivity → Correct because it correctly identifies most true cases.

• High specificity → Incorrect because it identifies non-diseased individuals.

• Low false positives → Incorrect because this relates to specificity.

• High false negatives → Incorrect because it misses cases.

• Low predictive value → Incorrect because it reduces test usefulness.