Free pathoanatomy MCQ exam model for basic medical & preclinical students

Explanation:

• Structural changes in tissues due to disease → Correct because pathoanatomy focuses on morphological alterations caused by disease.

• Functional changes in organs → Incorrect because this is studied in pathophysiology.

• Biochemical changes in cells → Incorrect because this is biochemistry.

• Immune responses of the body → Incorrect because this is immunology.

• Drug effects on tissues → Incorrect because this is pharmacology.

Explanation:

• Brain → Correct because infarction in CNS leads to liquefactive necrosis.

• Heart → Incorrect because it shows coagulative necrosis.

• Kidney → Incorrect because it undergoes coagulative necrosis.

• Liver → Incorrect because ischemic injury causes coagulative necrosis.

• Spleen → Incorrect because it also shows coagulative necrosis.

Explanation:

• Protein deposition → Correct because hyaline change represents intracellular or extracellular protein accumulation.

• Fat accumulation → Incorrect because it produces clear vacuoles.

• Calcium deposition → Incorrect because it causes calcification.

• Glycogen accumulation → Incorrect because it is PAS-positive.

• Amyloid deposition → Incorrect because it requires Congo red staining.

Explanation:

• Well-circumscribed borders → Correct because benign tumors are usually encapsulated and localized.

• Rapid growth → Incorrect because it is typical of malignant tumors.

• Presence of metastasis → Incorrect because metastasis occurs only in malignancy.

• Local invasion → Incorrect because benign tumors do not invade surrounding tissue.

• High mitotic activity → Incorrect because it is characteristic of malignancy.

Explanation:

• Liver → Correct because hepatocytes commonly accumulate fat in metabolic injury.

• Heart → Incorrect because fatty change is less common.

• Brain → Incorrect because it does not store fat droplets.

• Kidney → Incorrect because fatty change is uncommon.

• Lung → Incorrect because it does not show fatty degeneration.

Explanation:

• Caseous necrosis → Correct because tuberculosis produces cheese-like necrotic tissue.

• Coagulative necrosis → Incorrect because it is seen in ischemic infarcts.

• Liquefactive necrosis → Incorrect because it occurs in brain infarcts and abscesses.

• Fat necrosis → Incorrect because it occurs in pancreatitis.

• Fibrinoid necrosis → Incorrect because it is seen in immune-mediated vascular injury.

Explanation:

• Metaplasia → Correct because it is a reversible change from one mature cell type to another.

• Hypertrophy → Incorrect because it is increase in cell size.

• Hyperplasia → Incorrect because it is increase in cell number.

• Dysplasia → Incorrect because it is disordered cell growth.

• Anaplasia → Incorrect because it is loss of differentiation in malignancy.

Explanation:

• Vasodilation → Correct because increased blood flow causes redness and warmth.

• Vasoconstriction → Incorrect because it reduces blood flow.

• Thrombosis → Incorrect because it obstructs vessels.

• Embolism → Incorrect because it blocks blood flow.

• Hemorrhage → Incorrect because it causes bleeding, not heat.

Explanation:

• Nuclear fragmentation → Correct because apoptosis involves chromatin condensation and fragmentation.

• Cell swelling → Incorrect because this occurs in necrosis.

• Plasma membrane rupture → Incorrect because membrane remains intact in apoptosis.

• Inflammatory reaction → Incorrect because apoptosis does not induce inflammation.

• Calcification → Incorrect because it is a late degenerative change.

Explanation:

• Papillary carcinoma → Correct because psammoma bodies are concentrically laminated calcifications seen in papillary tumors.

• Squamous cell carcinoma → Incorrect because it shows keratin pearls.

• Adenoma → Incorrect because it is benign without psammoma bodies.

• Sarcoma → Incorrect because it is mesenchymal in origin.

• Lipoma → Incorrect because it is a benign fat tumor.