Free cardiothoracic surgery MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Restore normal cardiopulmonary function → Correct because surgery aims to correct structural disease.

• Provide palliative care → Incorrect because curative intent is common.

• Relieve symptoms only → Incorrect because functional restoration is key.

• Prolong hospital stay → Incorrect because early recovery is desired.

• Avoid medical therapy → Incorrect because surgery complements medical treatment.

Explanation:

• Great saphenous vein → Correct because it is long, accessible, and commonly used.

• Radial artery → Incorrect because it is increasingly used but less common.

• Right internal mammary artery → Incorrect because left internal mammary artery is preferred.

• Inferior epigastric artery → Incorrect because it is rarely used.

• Cephalic vein → Incorrect because it is not used for CABG.

Explanation:

• Coagulation abnormalities → Correct because cardiopulmonary bypass affects clotting.

• Infection → Incorrect because it causes late bleeding.

• Graft failure → Incorrect because it causes ischemia.

• Myocardial infarction → Incorrect because it causes hemodynamic instability.

• Arrhythmias → Incorrect because they cause rhythm problems.

Explanation:

• Heart, lungs, and mediastinum → Correct because cardiothoracic surgery includes cardiac and thoracic procedures.

• Brain and spinal cord → Incorrect because this is neurosurgery.

• Abdominal organs → Incorrect because this is general surgery.

• Kidneys and urinary tract → Incorrect because this is urology.

• Bones and joints → Incorrect because this is orthopedics.

Explanation:

• Aortic valve → Correct because aortic stenosis is common in elderly patients.

• Mitral valve → Incorrect because repair is more common than replacement.

• Tricuspid valve → Incorrect because it is rarely replaced.

• Pulmonary valve → Incorrect because it is rarely involved.

• Eustachian valve → Incorrect because it is embryological remnant.

Explanation:

• Bacterial infection → Correct because Staphylococcus species are common pathogens.

• Viral infection → Incorrect because viruses do not cause mediastinitis.

• Fungal infection → Incorrect because it is rare.

• Autoimmune reaction → Incorrect because it is not infectious.

• Foreign body reaction → Incorrect because infection is primary cause.

Explanation:

• Lung cancer → Correct because surgical resection is primary curative treatment.

• Pulmonary tuberculosis → Incorrect because it is mainly treated medically.

• Bronchiectasis → Incorrect because surgery is reserved for selected cases.

• Pleural effusion → Incorrect because it is managed by drainage.

• Pneumonia → Incorrect because it is treated medically.

Explanation:

• Echocardiography → Correct because it assesses cardiac structure and function.

• Chest X-ray → Incorrect because it provides limited functional information.

• Electrocardiogram → Incorrect because it assesses rhythm only.

• Pulmonary function test → Incorrect because it is mainly for thoracic surgery.

• Cardiac enzymes → Incorrect because they assess myocardial injury.

Explanation:

• Pulmonary complications → Correct because atelectasis and pneumonia are common.

• Renal failure → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Stroke → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Deep vein thrombosis → Incorrect because it is preventable.

• Liver failure → Incorrect because it is rare.

Explanation:

• Ischemic heart disease → Correct because severe coronary artery disease requires revascularization.

• Congenital heart disease → Incorrect because it requires corrective surgery.

• Valvular heart disease → Incorrect because valve repair/replacement is done.

• Cardiomyopathy → Incorrect because it is managed medically or by transplant.

• Pericardial disease → Incorrect because it rarely needs CABG.