Free cardiology MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Echocardiography → Correct because it assesses ventricular function and structure.

• Chest X-ray → Incorrect because it shows indirect signs only.

• ECG → Incorrect because it shows rhythm but not function.

• Cardiac MRI → Incorrect because it is not first-line.

• Cardiac enzymes → Incorrect because they diagnose myocardial injury.

Explanation:

• Furosemide → Correct because it rapidly reduces preload and pulmonary congestion.

• Digoxin → Incorrect because it is not first-line in acute edema.

• Propranolol → Incorrect because beta-blockers worsen acute failure.

• Amlodipine → Incorrect because it is a long-term antihypertensive.

• Atropine → Incorrect because it treats bradycardia.

Explanation:

• Hyperlipidemia → Correct because elevated LDL accelerates atherosclerosis.

• Age → Incorrect because it is non-modifiable.

• Male gender → Incorrect because it is non-modifiable.

• Smoking → Incorrect because it is important but not the most significant alone.

• Hypertension → Incorrect because it contributes but lipid abnormality is primary.

Explanation:

• Sinoatrial node → Correct because it initiates electrical impulses and sets heart rhythm.

• Atrioventricular node → Incorrect because it delays impulse conduction.

• Bundle of His → Incorrect because it conducts impulses to ventricles.

• Purkinje fibers → Incorrect because they distribute impulses in ventricles.

• Ventricular myocardium → Incorrect because it contracts but does not pace.

Explanation:

• Atrial fibrillation → Correct because it is the most common sustained arrhythmia.

• Ventricular tachycardia → Incorrect because it is less common but life-threatening.

• Atrial flutter → Incorrect because it is less common than AF.

• Sinus bradycardia → Incorrect because it is often physiological.

• Complete heart block → Incorrect because it is relatively uncommon.

Explanation:

• ST segment elevation → Correct because it indicates acute transmural myocardial injury.

• PR segment depression → Incorrect because it is seen in pericarditis.

• Tall P waves → Incorrect because they indicate atrial enlargement.

• Prolonged QT interval → Incorrect because it is due to electrolyte or drug effects.

• Flattened T waves → Incorrect because they suggest hypokalemia.

Explanation:

• Dyspnea → Correct because pulmonary congestion causes breathlessness.

• Peripheral edema → Incorrect because it is typical of right-sided failure.

• Hepatomegaly → Incorrect because it occurs in right-sided failure.

• Ascites → Incorrect because it is a late right-sided feature.

• Jugular venous distension → Incorrect because it reflects right atrial pressure.

Explanation:

• Patent ductus arteriosus → Correct because continuous flow produces machinery murmur.

• Aortic stenosis → Incorrect because it causes ejection systolic murmur.

• Mitral regurgitation → Incorrect because it causes pansystolic murmur.

• Ventricular septal defect → Incorrect because it causes pansystolic murmur.

• Pulmonary stenosis → Incorrect because it causes systolic murmur.

Explanation:

• Mitral valve → Correct because rheumatic fever most commonly damages the mitral valve.

• Aortic valve → Incorrect because it is second most commonly affected.

• Tricuspid valve → Incorrect because it is rarely involved alone.

• Pulmonary valve → Incorrect because it is very rarely affected.

• All valves equally → Incorrect because involvement is not equal.