Free perioperative care MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Aspiration pneumonia → Correct because empty stomach reduces aspiration risk under anesthesia.

• Hypoglycemia → Incorrect because fasting may cause hypoglycemia.

• Electrolyte imbalance → Incorrect because it is not the main reason.

• Postoperative nausea → Incorrect because fasting does not prevent it.

• Bleeding → Incorrect because it is unrelated.

Explanation:

• Atelectasis → Correct because hypoventilation after anesthesia causes early fever.

• Wound infection → Incorrect because it occurs after 48–72 hours.

• Urinary tract infection → Incorrect because it develops later.

• Deep vein thrombosis → Incorrect because it causes fever later.

• Sepsis → Incorrect because it is severe and not immediate.

Explanation:

• Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods → Correct because perioperative care encompasses all phases around surgery.

• Only intraoperative period → Incorrect because it excludes preparation and recovery.

• Preoperative period only → Incorrect because surgery and recovery are included.

• Postoperative period only → Incorrect because care begins before surgery.

• Recovery period only → Incorrect because it is only a subset.

Explanation:

• Vital signs → Correct because they reflect respiratory, cardiovascular, and hemodynamic stability.

• Body weight → Incorrect because it is not immediately critical.

• Blood glucose → Incorrect because it is monitored in selected patients.

• Hemoglobin level → Incorrect because it is checked if bleeding is suspected.

• Serum electrolytes → Incorrect because they are monitored later if needed.

Explanation:

• Electrocardiogram → Correct because it assesses baseline cardiac status, especially in adults.

• Electroencephalogram → Incorrect because it is used for seizure evaluation.

• CT scan → Incorrect because it is not routine.

• MRI → Incorrect because it is not required preoperatively in most cases.

• Bone scan → Incorrect because it is used for metastasis evaluation.

Explanation:

• Prevent complications and promote recovery → Correct because postoperative care focuses on safe recovery and rehabilitation.

• Ensure wound healing only → Incorrect because care is broader.

• Provide analgesia only → Incorrect because pain control is one component.

• Maintain bed rest → Incorrect because early mobilization is encouraged.

• Delay oral intake → Incorrect because early feeding is often beneficial.

Explanation:

• Tissue injury from surgery → Correct because surgical trauma activates pain pathways.

• Infection → Incorrect because it causes pain later.

• Electrolyte imbalance → Incorrect because it causes neuromuscular symptoms.

• Hypoxia → Incorrect because it causes restlessness.

• Anxiety → Incorrect because it exacerbates pain but is not the cause.

Explanation:

• Early mobilization → Correct because it improves venous return and prevents stasis.

• Antibiotics → Incorrect because they prevent infection.

• High-dose opioids → Incorrect because they cause immobility.

• Fluid restriction → Incorrect because it increases risk of thrombosis.

• Blood transfusion → Incorrect because it does not prevent DVT.

Explanation:

• Strict aseptic technique → Correct because it minimizes microbial contamination during surgery.

• Postoperative antibiotics → Incorrect because prophylaxis is usually preoperative.

• Prolonged hospital stay → Incorrect because it increases infection risk.

• High-dose analgesics → Incorrect because they do not prevent infection.

• Early mobilization → Incorrect because it prevents thromboembolism, not infection.

Explanation:

• Assess and reduce perioperative risk → Correct because optimization of comorbidities improves outcomes.

• Confirm diagnosis → Incorrect because diagnosis is usually established earlier.

• Plan surgical technique → Incorrect because this is the surgeon’s role.

• Prescribe antibiotics → Incorrect because it is part of perioperative management, not the main goal.

• Decide hospital discharge date → Incorrect because it depends on recovery.