Free urology MCQ exam model for clinical students

Explanation:

• Urinary tract infection → Correct because it is the most frequent cause of hematuria.

• Renal cell carcinoma → Incorrect because it is a serious but less common cause.

• Bladder carcinoma → Incorrect because it usually causes painless hematuria but is less common overall.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia → Incorrect because it causes hematuria but not most common.

• Renal stones → Incorrect because they commonly cause hematuria but are not the most common overall.

Explanation:

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia → Correct because prostate enlargement obstructs urine flow.

• Prostate carcinoma → Incorrect because it is less common than BPH.

• Urethral stricture → Incorrect because it occurs in younger patients.

• Neurogenic bladder → Incorrect because it has neurological causes.

• Bladder stones → Incorrect because they are uncommon.

Explanation:

• Bladder → Correct because cystitis is the most frequent UTI.

• Kidney → Incorrect because pyelonephritis is less common.

• Ureter → Incorrect because infection is rare here.

• Prostate → Incorrect because prostatitis occurs in males only.

• Urethra → Incorrect because urethritis is less common.

Explanation:

• PSA → Correct because it is specific for prostate tissue.

• AFP → Incorrect because it is for liver and germ cell tumors.

• CEA → Incorrect because it is for colorectal cancer.

• CA-125 → Incorrect because it is for ovarian cancer.

• Beta-hCG → Incorrect because it is for germ cell tumors.

Explanation:

• Transitional cell carcinoma → Correct because urothelial lining gives rise to it.

• Adenocarcinoma → Incorrect because it is rare.

• Squamous cell carcinoma → Incorrect because it occurs in schistosomiasis.

• Small cell carcinoma → Incorrect because it is rare.

• Sarcoma → Incorrect because it is uncommon.

Explanation:

• Calcium oxalate → Correct because it accounts for the majority of kidney stones.

• Uric acid → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Struvite → Incorrect because it is associated with infections.

• Cystine → Incorrect because it is rare and hereditary.

• Calcium phosphate → Incorrect because it is less common than oxalate.

Explanation:

• Urinary tract and male genital system → Correct because urology focuses on kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and male reproductive organs.

• Heart → Incorrect because this is cardiology.

• Respiratory system → Incorrect because this is pulmonology.

• Nervous system → Incorrect because this is neurology.

• Endocrine glands → Incorrect because this is endocrinology.

Explanation:

• Cavernous nerve → Correct because it carries parasympathetic fibers for erection.

• Optic nerve → Incorrect because it is for vision.

• Facial nerve → Incorrect because it supplies facial muscles.

• Phrenic nerve → Incorrect because it supplies diaphragm.

• Vagus nerve → Incorrect because it supplies parasympathetic organs.

Explanation:

• Non-contrast CT scan → Correct because it is most sensitive and specific.

• Ultrasound abdomen → Incorrect because small stones may be missed.

• Intravenous urography → Incorrect because it is less commonly used now.

• Plain X-ray KUB → Incorrect because radiolucent stones are missed.

• MRI abdomen → Incorrect because it is not useful for stones.

Explanation:

• Hematuria → Correct because painless hematuria is the most common presenting symptom.

• Fever → Incorrect because it is a paraneoplastic feature.

• Hypertension → Incorrect because it is due to renin secretion.

• Weight loss → Incorrect because it is a systemic feature.

• Bone pain → Incorrect because it indicates metastasis.