Explanation:

• Propranolol → Correct because it blocks beta-adrenergic receptors.

• Atropine → Incorrect because it is an antimuscarinic drug.

• Digoxin → Incorrect because it increases cardiac contractility.

• Amlodipine → Incorrect because it is a calcium channel blocker.

• Furosemide → Incorrect because it is a loop diuretic.

Explanation:

• Nuclear fragmentation → Correct because apoptosis involves chromatin condensation and fragmentation.

• Cell swelling → Incorrect because this occurs in necrosis.

• Plasma membrane rupture → Incorrect because membrane remains intact in apoptosis.

• Inflammatory reaction → Incorrect because apoptosis does not induce inflammation.

• Calcification → Incorrect because it is a late degenerative change.

Explanation:

(Correct): Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins but no ATP.

• Active transport requires ATP.

• Endocytosis requires energy.

• Exocytosis requires energy.

• Na⁺/K⁺ pump uses ATP.

Explanation:

(Correct): Correct idiomatic usage: “on an empty stomach.”

Explanation:

• Squamous cell carcinoma → Correct because it arises from ectocervical epithelium.

• Adenocarcinoma → Incorrect because it is less common.

• Leiomyosarcoma → Incorrect because it arises from smooth muscle.

• Endometrial carcinoma → Incorrect because it involves uterus, not cervix.

• Choriocarcinoma → Incorrect because it is a gestational tumor.

Explanation:

• Hyperkalemia → Correct because reduced excretion causes potassium retention.

• Hypokalemia → Incorrect because potassium is usually retained.

• Hypercalcemia → Incorrect because hypocalcemia is more common.

• Hypophosphatemia → Incorrect because hyperphosphatemia occurs.

• Hyponatremia → Incorrect because sodium may be normal or diluted.

Explanation: Ampulla is most common site.

Explanation:

• Acute appendicitis → Correct because it is the most frequent surgical cause of acute abdomen.

• Acute pancreatitis → Incorrect because it is usually managed conservatively.

• Peptic ulcer disease → Incorrect because most cases are medical.

• Irritable bowel syndrome → Incorrect because it is non-surgical.

• Chronic cholecystitis → Incorrect because it is usually elective.

Explanation:

• Venous ulceration → Correct because chronic venous hypertension leads to ulcers.

• Cosmetic deformity → Incorrect because it is not serious.

• Edema → Incorrect because it is common but reversible.

• Superficial thrombophlebitis → Incorrect because it is less severe.

• Itching → Incorrect because it is a minor symptom.

Explanation:

(Correct): Fluorine is the most electronegative element.

• Others: Less electronegative than fluorine.